Articles
How To Grow Garlic
Adapted from the Iowa State University Horticulture
How to Grow Garlic Using Sustainable Farming Practices:
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a member of the onion family (Alliaceae) along with onions, chives, shallots, leeks, and elephant garlic. Garlic is distinguished from other family members by its flat leaves and clove-like bulbs. Each garlic bulb contains several small scales or cloves enclosed in a white or purplish parchment-like sheath.
Cultivars
Garlic cultivars are classified as either hardneck or softneck.
Hardneck cultivars (Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon) produce a flower stalk (technically a scape) and are often termed “top-setting” or “bolting” cultivars. Flowers, if they are produced, usually abort. Bulbils (small bulblets) are produced on top of the scape. The flower stalks of some hardneck garlic are distinctly coiled. These types are referred to as rocambole or serpent garlic. Typically, hardneck garlic cultivars have 4 to 12 cloves surrounding the flower stalk. Because of the hard flower stalk, they are difficult to braid. Garlic Scapes are completely edible and considered a delicacy. Watch our recipes page for delicious ways to prepare garlic scapes.
Softneck cultivars (Allium sativum var. sativum) are sometimes referred to as “artichoke” cultivars and do not produce a seed stalk. These cultivars are commonly used in California for commercial production. However, some softneck cultivars are suitable for cold climates. Softneck cultivars are generally more productive than hardnecks because all the energy goes to producing a bulb rather than a bulb and flower stalk. Bulbs have 10 to 40 cloves arranged in layers. Softneck garlic tends to have a much longer shelf life than hardneck garlic and typically can be stored for 6 to 8 months without significant deterioration. They also are easy to braid.
Elephant, porcelain, or greathead garlic is actually a type of leek (Allium ampeloprasum). Elephant garlic is much larger than true garlic, often weighing as much as 1 pound per bulb. They also store well. The taste of elephant garlic is much milder than that of true garlic, but in cold climates it can develop a sharp or bitter taste.
Preparation of the Garlic Bulbs/Cloves
Open your garlic box the same day it is received! This will help prevent mold/mildew/rot, as it will allow the garlic to continue drying. Place the garlic in a cool location away from sunlight as you wait for the proper planting time.
Up to 2 days prior to planting (but not longer), “shuck” the garlic. Remove the outer husks and separate the cloves, leaving the skins on the individual cloves. Store the cloves in a cool location away from sunlight.
One helpful step to help avoid disease is to shuck your garlic away from your field/garden, so the dirt particles and shucks can not contaminate your soil. This may be an unnecessary precaution, but it’s an easy one to do. Therefore, we recommend shucking garlic away from your field/garden.
Dipping/soaking cloves: more to come here in the near future…
Planting
Planting Garlic: Garlic grows best in well-drained, fertile soils that are high in organic matter. Misshapen bulbs may result when garlic is grown in heavy, clay soils. Incorporating compost or well-rotted manure into heavy, clay soils can be beneficial. The optimum soil pH for garlic is between 6 and 7. Before planting, soils should be well tilled to provide a loose growing bed for bulb development. Because garlic plants do not produce true seeds, garlic is grown by planting cloves. Garlic cloves can be purchased at garden centers or from mail-order companies, though direct purchase online from growers is typically more economical.
Planting cloves from garlic purchased at the grocery store is not recommended because these are usually softneck cultivars that are mainly adapted to mild climates. Additionally, most grocery store garlic has been exposed to chemicals that postpone or prevent growth for longer shelf life.
Cloves should be planted in fall in most of the US (October to early November) or early spring (late March to early April). Spring-planted garlic will not likely achieve the same size as fall-planted garlic. Contact your local Extension Office or state Extension for information about planting times specific to your area.
Fall-planted garlic should be mulched with a 4- to 6-inch layer of weed-seed free straw to help prevent winter injury. In early spring, move the straw to between the rows to allow the garlic foliage to emerge and moisture to evaporate from the soil. The mulch helps control weeds during the growing season.
Late spring planting results in smaller bulbs at harvest.
Plant cloves with the pointed side up, root end down. When planted upside down, misshapen bulbs often develop. Plant cloves about 1 inch deep, or contact your Extension Office for recommended depth for your climate/zone.
Hardneck (top-setting) garlic cultivars also may also be grown from the bulbils or bulblets. Plant the bulblets in early spring and allow to grow in the same area for 18 months. By the end of the first season, the bulblets will form “rounds” or unsegmented bulbs. Left undisturbed, they will form a cluster of cloves by the following summer.
Spacing
Place cloves 3 to 5 inches apart within the row. Rows should be spaced 18 to 24 inches apart.
Fertilizing
We suggest that you contact your local agricultural extension office for recommendations specific to your growing area. A list of offices, by county, can be found here: http://www.clemson.edu/extension/county/https://www.clemson.edu/extension/ .
Garlic requires more fertilizer than many vegetables. Incorporate 1 to 2 pounds of an all-purpose garden fertilizer (10-10-10) per 100 square feet before planting. One month after planting apply an additional pound per 100 foot of row in a band 3 to 4 inches from the base of the plants. Avoid nitrogen applications after the first week of May because bulbing may be delayed. Soil tests should be taken before planting to determine phosphorus and potassium needs.
If you prefer to garden naturally, try fertilizing with blood meal, bone meal, and/or fish meal.
Maintenance
Water plants once per week during dry weather. Stop irrigating in late June to allow the foliage to yellow and die before harvest. Like an onion, garlic has a shallow root system. Weeds should be removed carefully to avoid disturbing or pulling up the garlic bulbs with the weeds. Mulches help control weeds and conserve soil moisture.
Potential Problems
Most garlic diseases are either soil- or set-borne and usually can be controlled with proper rotation and planting disease-free sets. Before planting, check each clove for signs of disease. Discard any infected cloves or bruised cloves because they may decay in the soil. Many garlic cultivars are susceptible to yellow tips.
The development of yellow tips early in the season (before bulbing) may drastically reduce yields. It is usually a sign of water stress, nutrient deficiency, or disease. Insects are not a major problem for garlic production, though a few destructive pests do exist.
Harvest and Storage
When is it best to harvest garlic? In late spring/early summer, the garlic begins to change from a green onion-looking plant to forming bulbs. The greatest part of the size develops in the last month before harvest.
Spring garlic looks similar to green onions. It has not yet begun to form cloves in mid/late April in Iowa. Spring garlic can be eaten, but of course won’t allow you to produce as large of a quantity as if it matures before harvest. Still, it is another unique way to enjoy your garlic!
Carefully dig garlic bulbs when the foliage starts to turn yellow and die, most often when half of the leaves are dying. Yellowing normally occurs between June and September (varying by climate/zone). Dry or cure the bulbs in a warm, well-ventilated, and shaded location for at least 2 to 3 weeks.
After drying, remove the foliage 1 inch above the bulbs or use the foliage to braid the bulbs together. Place the bulbs in a mesh bag or open crate and store where it is cool (32–40°F) and dry (65–70% relative humidity). Softneck types can be stored for 6 months or more, whereas hardneck types may only store for approximately 3-5 months. More about how to store garlic here.
For more information
If you have any questions, feel free to contact us!
Additional information also is available from these Web sites, and also your state’s Extension web site
All garlic seed for sale is supplied by our small micro farm in Elgin Oregon – Greifs Gourmet Garlic!
Geek culture has taken the world by storm, captivating audiences with its diverse array of interests, from comic books and movies to video games and technology. For enthusiasts looking to dive deeper into this vibrant world, Geekzilla Podcast emerges as a beacon of light, offering a captivating journey through all things geeky. Let’s embark on an adventure and explore what makes Geekzilla Podcast a must-listen for fans of geek culture.
A Celebration of Geek Culture
Geek culture is not just a niche interest; it’s a vibrant and diverse community that celebrates creativity, imagination, and passion for all things nerdy. Enter Geekzilla Podcast, a lively hub where enthusiasts gather to revel in their shared love for geek culture. Let’s take a closer look at how Geekzilla Podcast shines as a beacon of celebration for all things geeky.
Embracing Diversity and Inclusivity
Geekzilla Podcast is a welcoming space that embraces diversity and inclusivity within the geek community. Regardless of your background, interests, or level of geekiness, everyone is invited to join the celebration. From comic book aficionados to gaming gurus, movie buffs to tech enthusiasts, Geekzilla Podcast brings together a diverse array of voices and perspectives, fostering a sense of belonging for all.
Exploring a Multifaceted Universe
Geekzilla Podcast delves into the vast and multifaceted universe of geek culture, covering an eclectic range of topics that cater to a broad audience. Whether you’re passionate about superheroes, sci-fi, fantasy, gaming, or cosplay, there’s something for everyone to geek out over. Each episode offers a thrilling exploration of different aspects of geek culture, from dissecting the latest movie trailers to reminiscing about classic video games, igniting nostalgia and sparking new interests along the way.
Sharing Enthusiasm and Passion
At the heart of Geekzilla Podcast is a shared enthusiasm and passion for all things geeky. Hosted by fellow enthusiasts who exude infectious energy and genuine love for the subject matter, the podcast radiates positivity and excitement. Listeners are invited to join in the celebration, sharing their own stories, insights, and fandom experiences, creating a dynamic and engaging dialogue that enriches the community spirit.
Spotlighting Creativity and Talent
Geekzilla Podcast shines a spotlight on the creativity and talent within the geek community, showcasing the work of artists, writers, cosplayers, game developers, and other creators. Through interviews, reviews, and feature segments, the podcast highlights the diverse talents and contributions of individuals who bring geek culture to life. By celebrating their achievements and sharing their stories, Geekzilla Podcast inspires listeners to embrace their own creativity and pursue their passions.
Expert Analysis and Reviews
Geekzilla Podcast goes beyond just entertaining its listeners; it provides expert analysis and insightful reviews on the latest happenings in the world of geek culture. From dissecting the intricacies of superhero movies to critiquing the latest video game releases, Geekzilla Podcast offers a treasure trove of in-depth analysis and thoughtful reviews that keep fans informed and engaged. Let’s explore how the podcast delivers expert analysis and reviews to its audience.
In-depth Analysis
Geekzilla Podcast takes a deep dive into the nuances of geek culture, offering comprehensive analysis on a wide range of topics. Whether it’s exploring the themes and symbolism in a popular sci-fi series or examining the character development in a beloved comic book, the podcast delves beneath the surface to uncover the hidden layers and complexities within geeky content. Listeners can expect thought-provoking discussions and insightful observations that enhance their understanding and appreciation of their favorite fandoms.
Thoughtful Reviews
One of the hallmarks of Geekzilla Podcast is its thoughtful reviews of the latest releases in geek culture. From movies and TV shows to video games and comic books, the podcast provides honest and unbiased assessments that help listeners make informed decisions about what to watch, play, or read next. Whether praising standout performances, critiquing plot twists, or analyzing technical aspects, the reviews on Geekzilla Podcast offer valuable insights that guide fans in navigating the vast landscape of geeky entertainment.
Expert Commentary
Geekzilla Podcast features expert commentary from knowledgeable hosts who bring their unique perspectives and expertise to the table. With backgrounds in various aspects of geek culture, including film, literature, gaming, and technology, the hosts offer informed opinions and informed analysis that add depth and credibility to the podcast’s content. Whether discussing the latest trends in pop culture or debating the merits of a controversial storyline, the expert commentary on Geekzilla Podcast provides valuable context and insight for listeners.
Interactive Engagement
In addition to delivering expert analysis and reviews, Geekzilla Podcast encourages interactive engagement with its audience. Listeners are invited to share their own thoughts, opinions, and reviews, fostering a dynamic dialogue that enriches the listening experience. Through social media channels, live Q&A sessions, and fan polls, the podcast cultivates a sense of community where fans can connect, share their passion for geek culture, and exchange ideas with like-minded individuals.
Engaging Interviews and Special Guests
Geekzilla Podcast features engaging interviews with industry insiders, creators, and special guests who offer unique perspectives and behind-the-scenes insights into the world of geek culture. From renowned comic book artists to acclaimed game developers, the podcast showcases the diverse voices and talents that shape the geek community, providing listeners with a deeper appreciation for their favorite hobbies and interests.
Interactive Community and Fan Engagement
One of the most exciting aspects of Geekzilla Podcast is its interactive community and fan engagement. Listeners are encouraged to participate in discussions, share their thoughts and opinions, and connect with fellow geeks from around the world. Whether through social media channels, live Q&A sessions, or fan meetups, the podcast fosters a sense of belonging and camaraderie among its audience, creating a supportive and inclusive community for fans to geek out together.
Conclusion
Geekzilla Podcast is your ultimate destination for all things geeky. With its diverse range of topics, expert analysis, engaging interviews, and interactive community, the podcast offers a treasure trove of content for fans of geek culture to explore and enjoy. Whether you’re a seasoned enthusiast or a curious newcomer, Geekzilla Podcast welcomes you to join the adventure and embrace your inner geek.
The Significance of Biodegradability
Environmental sustainability is an increasingly pressing concern, compelling us to scrutinize the lifecycle impact of the products we consume. Biodegradable substances represent a growing solution to minimize waste, promoting a more harmonious balance with natural processes. Effective biodegradability testing is paramount in distinguishing materials capable of returning to the earth from those that accrue as enduring waste, challenging our ecosystem’s resilience. The ability of a product to decompose naturally after its functional use has receded is emerging as a defining factor for conscious consumers and innovative manufacturers alike.
When products biodegrade, they are broken down by natural agents such as bacteria, fungi, and other biological processes. This natural cycle inhibits the enlargement of landfills and lessens the release of CH4 (methane), a potent greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. By opting for biodegradable materials, industries take the initiative to lower their carbon footprint and demonstrate accountability for the total environmental cost of their products. The increasing importance of biodegradability in consumer choices reflects a societal shift towards protecting the ecological systems that sustain life on our planet.
Biodegradability Testing: What It Entails
Biodegradability testing is a rigorous scientific evaluation that measures how quickly and effectively materials break down in environmental conditions. This process provides essential insights into a product’s ecological impact, offering a method for manufacturers to verify and claim their product’s environmental friendliness. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and single-use items, among others, are often subjects of these tests to ensure they do not damage the ecosystem post-consumption. These evaluations are critical in developing products that need to meet consumer expectations and adhere to increasingly stringent environmental standards.
As these tests have become a cornerstone of environmental certifications, they also serve as a tool for industries to competitively market their products to a growing sector of environmentally conscious consumers. Certification through biodegradability testing helps validate green marketing claims and differentiate products within the crowded marketplace, where sustainability adds significant value to a brand’s image.
The Lifecycle of Biodegradable Materials
Biodegradable materials embark on a lifecycle journey that starts with sourcing raw materials and extends through production, consumption, and decomposition. The lifecycle analysis of a biodegradable material involves considering its impact from cradle to grave. Products from such materials are intended to leave minimal environmental traces upon disposal, contrasting sharply with non-biodegradable items that can remain in landfills for hundreds of years. The path to sustainable development beckons manufacturers to reflect on their material choices, prioritizing those that can seamlessly re-enter the natural ecological cycles without leaving harmful residues.
At the consumer end, there is a pressing need for products that will only persist in the environment after their usefulness has expired. Awareness around the lifecycle of products is rising, with educational campaigns and accessibility to information playing vital roles. People increasingly seek biodegradable options in everyday items such as packaging, tableware, and personal care products, demonstrating responsibility in their purchasing power.
Industry Standards for Biodegradability
Industry standards are developed by recognized authorities such as ASTM International and ISO to set the benchmark for what constitutes a biodegradable product. These standards offer a common definition and test methods to validate biodegradability claims methodically. Companies engaging in green practices can thus obtain certifications like the “OK compost” label, assuring that their products comply with specific biodegradability standards and are suitable for industrial composting.
Adherence to these standards ensures ethical business practices and safeguards the consumer against false claims of sustainability. By complying with these global standards, businesses can transparently communicate their commitment to environmental stewardship while providing peace of mind to eco-conscious buyers.
Environmental Impact of Non-Biodegradable Waste
Conversely, the environmental aftermath of non-biodegradable waste accumulation is calamitous. Such materials, typically composed of synthetic polymers, do not integrate into the natural degradation processes, leading to pollution that can span centuries. The proliferation of these materials in oceans and landfills directly results from global consumption patterns and an industrial preference for durability and low-cost production. Unfortunately, the collateral is significant environmental and health impacts, with plastic pollution being a prime example. Single-use plastics alone have led to a crisis of environmental waste, harming wildlife and marine ecosystems.
Consumer Awareness and Eco-Friendly Choices
Consumer preferences have evolved significantly with increasing education about the environmental impact of products. Many individuals are exercising their power to demand sustainable options, engaging in marketplace activism that prompts industries to consider their environmental responsibilities seriously. People are increasingly skilled at interpreting eco-friendly labels and understanding the difference between biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable claims. This knowledge elevates the collective consumer influence, pressing companies to validate their environmental claims and to invest in genuine sustainable solutions.
Technological Innovations in Biodegradability
Technological innovation is at the heart of the future of biodegradability, from the development of new biodegradable plastics to advances in testing methodologies. Researchers continue to explore alternatives to traditional plastics, focusing on materials derived from biomass like polylactic acid (PLA) or the intriguing potential of fungal mycelium as a base for packaging products. Scientific progress has made it possible to engineer materials with a predetermined shelf-life, strategically designed to degrade after fulfilling their purpose.
The evolution of biodegradability testing methods is equally critical. Technological advancements enable more meticulous and faster assessments of biodegradability, such as respirometry techniques that measure the CO2 evolution of materials under test conditions. These precision-oriented methodologies provide greater confidence in environmental claims and facilitate the development of products that align with sustainability principles.
Government Regulations and Biodegradation Protocols
Governmental policies and regulations lay the groundwork for comprehensive environmental protection measures, offering guidance and incentives for adopting biodegradable materials. In many regions, legislators are setting ambitious targets for waste reduction and mandating using recyclable or biodegradable materials. These directives aim to curb the detrimental effects of waste and phase out the reliance on non-biodegradable products that contribute to long-standing pollution problems.
Public education initiatives are crucial complements to these regulations, as they foster an informed populace that understands and supports sustainable practices. Biodegradation protocols also provide an infrastructure for waste management that aligns with environmental objectives, facilitating the breakdown of materials at their end of life in a manner that benefits rather than burdens the planet. Government action significantly shapes biodegradability, pressing industries to innovate and raising public consciousness about environmental stewardship.
Welcome, history enthusiasts and curious minds, to a journey back in time as we delve into the captivating tale of Falaba. This story is not just about a ship; it’s about bravery, tragedy, and the indomitable spirit that echoes through the annals of history. Join us as we uncover the beauty and sorrow intertwined in the legacy of Falaba, a name that resonates with both triumph and heartache. Let’s embark on this voyage together to explore a hidden gem of historical significance – Falaba.
Background
In the vast tapestry of World War I history, there emerges a poignant chapter marked by the RMS Falaba. Against the backdrop of conflict and chaos, this vessel played a role that would etch its name in the annals of time. The year was 1915, a period fraught with tension and uncertainty as nations clashed in a battle for supremacy.
Amidst this tumultuous era, Leon Thrasher’s legacy intertwined with Falaba’s fate to create a narrative that transcends mere events – it embodies the resilience and tragedy of war-torn times.
Leon Thrasher
Leon Thrasher was a brave soul whose story is intertwined with the tragic events surrounding the RMS Falaba. His name may not be as well-known as some others, but his actions speak volumes about his character. Born in an era of turmoil, Leon found himself caught up in circumstances beyond his control.
As fate would have it, Leon’s path crossed with that of the ill-fated vessel, forever changing the course of history and leaving a mark on those who bore witness to his courage. Though shrouded in mystery, Leon Thrasher’s legacy lives on through the tales of heroism and sacrifice that echo through time.
Falaba
In the midst of historical events that shaped our world, one name stands out – Falaba. This small town holds a significant place in the annals of history, with a tale as intriguing as it is tragic.
From its serene beginnings to the devastating aftermath, Falaba’s story unfolds like pages from a gripping novel. The events surrounding R.M.S. Falaba and its sinking on March 28, 1915, shed light on the human cost of conflicts and remind us of the resilience found in even the most challenging times.
Aftermath
The aftermath of the tragic sinking of the RMS Falaba on 28 March 1915 left a profound impact on all those involved. Families were shattered, lives were forever changed, and the world was reminded of the harsh realities of war. The loss of innocent lives aboard the Falaba serves as a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of conflict and highlights the importance of striving for peace and understanding in our global community.
As we delve into the history surrounding Falaba, it becomes evident that even amidst destruction, there are stories to be told – tales that serve as poignant reminders of our shared humanity and the resilience that emerges from tragedy.
Information
Information about Falaba is not widely known, but it is a story worth discovering. The sinking of RMS Falaba on 28 March 1915 during World War I holds historical significance. This tragic event sheds light on the bravery and sacrifice of those onboard.
Exploring articles related to the R.M.S. Falaba unveils a narrative that captivates with its tales of heroism and tragedy. Delving into the history behind this maritime disaster reveals a deeper understanding of the impact it had on both individuals and nations involved in World War I.
World War I Articles
World War I was a time of great upheaval and tragedy, with stories that still resonate today. The articles documenting this era provide a window into the past, sharing tales of heroism, loss, and resilience amidst chaos.
From accounts of battles fought in far-off lands to personal narratives of those affected by the war’s devastation, these articles offer a glimpse into the human experience during one of history’s most turbulent periods. Explore these poignant accounts to gain a deeper understanding of the impact World War I had on individuals and societies around the globe.
The Sinking of the RMS Falaba, 28 March 1915.
On the fateful day of March 28, 1915, the RMS Falaba met its tragic end amidst turmoil at sea. The vessel was carrying passengers and cargo when it was targeted by a German U-boat during World War I. The sinking of this ship marked a significant event in maritime history, leaving behind tales of bravery and tragedy.
The sinking of the RMS Falaba serves as a somber reminder of the harsh realities faced during wartime naval conflicts.
The Story of the FALABA
The story of the FALABA is a poignant tale woven into the fabric of history. This vessel, significant in its own right, holds a narrative that transcends time and touches hearts across generations. The echoes of this event resonate to this day, reminding us of the fragility of life and the enduring impact of conflict on humanity.
History
The history of Falaba dates back to the early 20th century when it was a bustling port city in West Africa. It played a crucial role in trade and commerce, attracting merchants from far and wide seeking riches and opportunities.
Over time, Falaba became known for its vibrant markets, cultural diversity, and rich heritage. The town flourished until it faced tragic events that changed its destiny forever. This historical background sets the stage for understanding the significance of Falaba in the context of World War I.
Destruction
The destruction that befell the RMS Falaba was a tragic event that left a lasting mark on history. The sinking of this vessel not only resulted in the loss of lives but also symbolized the harsh reality of war and its devastating consequences. As the ship met its demise, it brought to light the fragility of human life amidst the chaos of conflict.
The wreckage serves as a somber reminder of the destructive power unleashed during wartime, where innocent civilians often bear the brunt of senseless violence. Despite fading from memory for some, the legacy of destruction left by such events continues to resonate through time.
R.M.S. Falaba
The R.M.S. Falaba holds a significant place in history for its tragic fate during World War I. Sailing on the 28th of March, 1915, it met its untimely end due to a German U-boat attack. The sinking of the Falaba resulted in the loss of many lives and highlighted the dangers faced by civilian ships during wartime.
Falaba serves as a reminder of the human cost of war and the vulnerability of innocent civilians caught in conflicts beyond their control.
Conclusion
Explore the rich history and tragic fate of the RMS Falaba, a vessel that became a symbol of sacrifice during World War I. From its connection to Leon Thrasher to its untimely sinking on March 28, 1915, the story of Falaba is one that deserves remembrance and reflection. Discover more about this poignant chapter in maritime history and honor the lives lost aboard this ill-fated ship by learning about the beauty of Falaba beyond its tragic end. Let us never forget the lessons we can learn from such events as we continue to navigate through our own journeys today.
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