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Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Solution for severe shoulder pain

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Shoulder Arthroplasty

While less common than knee or hip replacements, shoulder arthroplasty is equally effective in alleviating chronic shoulder pain. This surgical procedure has evolved significantly since its inception in the 1950s, initially used to treat severe fractures. Today, it’s employed to address a wide range of painful shoulder conditions.

When is Shoulder Arthroplasty Considered?

Shoulder arthroplasty should only be considered as a last resort, after exhausting all conservative and rehabilitative treatment options.

Understanding the Shoulder Joint The shoulder joint is a complex structure comprising three bones: the humerus, scapula, and clavicle. These bones form two distinct joints: the acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints. The joint surfaces are cushioned by cartilage, a smooth tissue that facilitates effortless movement. Additionally, the synovial membrane, which lines part of the joint, produces lubricating fluid that minimizes friction.

The Benefits of Shoulder Arthroplasty

This intricate design enables the shoulder to rotate through a wider range of motion than any other joint in the body. Shoulder arthroplasty involves replacing damaged components of the shoulder joint with artificial prostheses. Treatment options may include replacing the head of the humerus or both the head and the glenoid cavity.

Instructions

Several conditions can cause shoulder pain and disability, leading patients to consider arthroplasty.

Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease): This is an “exhausting” type of age-related arthritis. It usually occurs in people over the age of fifty, but in rare cases it can also occur in younger people. It is caused by a progressive thinning of the articular cartilage which, no longer able to play its role as a “joint shock absorber”, allows the bone heads to rub against each other. Thus, over time, the joint becomes progressively stiff and painful.

Rheumatoid arthritis: A rheumatological disease that causes chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane, resulting in damage to articular cartilage.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of a group of disorders known as inflammatory arthritis.

Post-traumatic arthritis: A form of arthritis following a serious injury to the shoulder. Bone fractures or damage to tendons and ligaments can lead to rapid deterioration of articular cartilage, causing pain and functional limitation.

Vascular necrosis: Avascular necrosis is a painful condition that occurs when the blood supply to the bone is interrupted, leading to the death of the cells that make up the bone. Possible causes leading to the development of this condition are: chronic steroid use, severe shoulder fracture, hematological diseases and alcohol abuse.

Severe fractures: Poorly treated fractures can lead to progressive deformation of the joint itself.

Failure of a previous arthroplasty operation: an increasingly frequent occurrence in recent years, caused mainly by infection or dislocation of the implant. When this happens, you’ll need to undergo a second operation called revision surgery.

Symptoms and diagnosis

There are several reasons why your orthopaedic surgeon may recommend shoulder arthroplasty. People who benefit from surgery often have:

severe shoulder pain that interferes with daily activities, such as reaching for high cupboard shelves, combing hair or taking a bath ;

  • moderate to severe pain during sleep;
  • loss of range of motion and/or shoulder weakness;
  • failure to improve with other treatments such as anti-inflammatory drugs, cortisone injections or physiotherapy.

Your family doctor can refer you to an orthopedic surgeon for a thorough evaluation, which includes several components:

Medical history: the orthopedic surgeon will gather information on your general health, focusing on the extent of pain and limitation of normal daily activities.

Physical examination: assessment of shoulder movement, stability and strength.

X-rays: a test to determine the extent of damage. They can show loss of joint space between the bones, flattening or irregularity of bone shape, or the presence of tendon calcifications.

Other tests: you may also need blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess soft tissue, or computed tomography (CT) to determine the condition of the bone.

Based on the results of the various tests, the surgeon will indicate the best course of treatment to relieve pain and improve functionality, taking into account different types of treatment, including medication, injections, physiotherapy or other types of surgery treatment.

Surgical treatment in Turkey

There are different types of shoulder prosthesis in Turkey, and the surgeon must carefully assess each patient’s situation before making any decision, to ensure the best possible outcome. Total shoulder prosthesis, typically performed through total shoulder arthroplasty, involves replacing the joint surfaces with prosthetic components made of metal and polyethylene. These components come in various sizes and may or may not be cemented. If the bone quality is good, the surgeon may opt for a cementless (press-fit) humeral component, while in cases of bone deterioration, a cemented humeral component may be used. In most cases, a plastic glenoid component is also implanted.

Shoulder endoprosthesis: Depending on the condition of the shoulder, the surgeon may replace only the humeral head. This procedure is called hemiarthroplasty. In a traditional hemiarthroplasty, the humeral head is replaced by a metal prosthetic component consisting of a stem on which a sphere is placed, thus reproducing the normal anatomical components. Hemiarthroplasty is recommended when the humeral head is severely degenerated but the other joint components are normal.

Resurfacing shoulder prosthesis: involves replacing the articular surface of the humeral head with a stemless capped prosthesis. This may be a valid option if (a) the glenoid articular surface is intact; (b) there is no fracture of the neck or humeral head; (c) in young or very active patients, avoiding the risks of component wear and loosening that could occur with conventional total shoulder arthroplasty. Moreover, given its more conservative nature, the hemicephalic prosthesis may be easier to convert into a total shoulder prosthesis when required.

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How to Brew the Perfect Cup of Loose Leaf Wellness Tea

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Loose Leaf Wellness Tea

Learn how to brew loose leaf wellness tea with expert tips on steeping and accessories for a flavourful and calming tea experience at home.

Brewing loose leaf tea is more than a way to prepare a drink; it is a mindful ritual that allows you to savour aroma, flavour, and the calming effect of each sip. For those looking to elevate their daily wellness routine, mastering the art of brewing can make all the difference in bringing out the best qualities of the tea.

Whether you are a seasoned tea drinker or just beginning to explore the world of loose leaf blends, following a few key steps will help you create a cup that is rich in flavour, full of beneficial properties, and deeply satisfying.

Choose Quality Tea Leaves

A perfect brew starts with quality leaves. Loose leaf teas offer more robust flavours than bagged teas because the larger leaves retain more essential oils and natural aromas. For wellness-focused blends, opt for those crafted with premium botanicals that not only taste good but also support your wellbeing.

An excellent example is the It’s So Good Tea loose tea from The Wellness Tea. This blend is carefully created to deliver a balanced flavour profile alongside ingredients that promote relaxation and rejuvenation.

Get the Water Right

Water quality can make or break your cup of tea. Freshly drawn filtered water is best, as it allows the tea’s true flavours to shine without interference from chlorine or mineral-heavy tap water.

Temperature also plays a crucial role. Herbal wellness teas generally benefit from water just off the boil, around 95°C, to fully extract the natural goodness of the ingredients without scorching them.

Measure Carefully

While it is tempting to guess the amount of tea you need, measuring ensures consistent results every time. A standard guide is one teaspoon of loose leaf tea per cup, though you may adjust this depending on how strong you prefer your brew. Using a proper tea scoop can make the process both accurate and enjoyable.

Steeping Time Matters

Patience is key when brewing loose leaf wellness tea. Over-steeping can create bitterness, while under-steeping leaves the flavour flat. Most herbal blends benefit from steeping for 5–7 minutes. During this time, the leaves and herbs fully open, releasing their natural oils and beneficial compounds.

Covering your teapot or mug while steeping helps to trap heat and aroma, enhancing the overall sensory experience.

Invest in the Right Accessories

The right tools not only make brewing easier but also elevate the ritual. A good-quality infuser or tea strainer allows the leaves to expand while keeping your cup free of bits. For those who enjoy making larger batches, a glass or ceramic teapot with a built-in filter is a stylish and functional choice.

A timer can be handy too, ensuring you never lose track of your steeping time. For true enthusiasts, a tea thermometer is a worthwhile addition to ensure water temperature is always perfect.

Enjoy the Moment

Wellness tea is meant to be enjoyed slowly. Choose a quiet space, take a deep breath, and appreciate the aroma before taking your first sip. This mindful approach not only enhances flavour but also supports relaxation and stress relief.

Pair your tea with a healthy snack or simply enjoy it on its own, allowing the blend to take centre stage. You may also experiment with brewing rituals such as adding a touch of honey or a slice of lemon to complement the tea’s natural notes.

Store Your Tea Properly

To keep your loose leaf wellness tea at its best, store it in an airtight container away from light, moisture, and strong odours. A tin or dark glass jar works well. Proper storage preserves the tea’s natural oils and flavours, ensuring every cup tastes as fresh as the first.

Brewing as a Form of Self Care

Brewing the perfect cup of loose leaf wellness tea is not just about technique; it is about creating a small daily ritual that nurtures your body and mind. From selecting your blend to sipping the final brew, each step invites you to slow down and connect with yourself.

By focusing on quality leaves, precise brewing, and mindful enjoyment, you can transform a simple cup of tea into a moment of calm and restoration. And with blends like It’s So Good Tea, you can be sure that every cup delivers both flavour and wellbeing in perfect harmony.

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The Benefits of Ginger Ale: More Than Just a Refreshing Drink

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Benefits of Ginger Ale

Ginger ale is more than just a fizzy, flavorful beverage—it’s a drink with surprising health benefits backed by science and tradition. Whether you enjoy it as a mixer, a soothing remedy, or a refreshing standalone drink, ginger ale has much to offer.

In this article, we’ll explore the science-backed benefits of ginger ale, how to choose the best kind for your health, and creative ways to incorporate it into your diet.

What Is Ginger Ale?

Ginger ale is a carbonated soft drink flavored with ginger root. There are two main types:

  • Golden Ginger Ale – Made with real ginger, darker in color, and has a stronger, spicier taste.

  • Dry Ginger Ale – Lighter, milder, and more commonly found in commercial brands.

While many commercial ginger ales contain high sugar levels, traditional or homemade versions with real ginger provide the most health benefits.

Top 6 Health Benefits of Ginger Ale

1. Soothes Digestive Issues

Ginger has been used for centuries to ease stomach discomfort, and ginger ale (especially when made with real ginger) can help with:

  • Nausea relief (morning sickness, motion sickness, chemotherapy-induced nausea)

  • Indigestion and bloating (ginger stimulates digestion)

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms

Pro Tip: Opt for natural ginger ale with minimal sugar for the best digestive benefits.

2. Reduces Inflammation

Ginger contains gingerol, a powerful anti-inflammatory compound. Drinking ginger ale may help:

  • Ease muscle soreness after workouts

  • Reduce joint pain in arthritis sufferers

  • Lower chronic inflammation linked to diseases

Science Says: A 2020 study in Nutrients found ginger effective in reducing inflammatory markers.

3. May Help Fight Cold and Flu Symptoms

Ginger’s warming properties make ginger ale a popular home remedy for:

  • Sore throat relief (the carbonation can ease irritation)

  • Congestion reduction (ginger acts as a natural decongestant)

  • Immune-boosting effects (thanks to its antioxidant properties)

Try This: Warm up ginger ale with lemon and honey for a soothing flu remedy.

4. Supports Hydration (When Sugar-Free)

Mild dehydration can cause headaches and fatigue. If you struggle to drink enough water, sugar-free ginger ale can be a flavorful alternative.

  • The carbonation makes it more appealing than plain water.

  • Ginger’s electrolytes help replenish fluids.

Caution: Avoid sugary versions, which can dehydrate you further.

5. May Aid in Weight Management

While ginger ale alone won’t cause weight loss, ginger has metabolism-boosting properties:

  • Increases fat burning (studies suggest ginger enhances thermogenesis)

  • Reduces appetite (ginger helps regulate hunger hormones)

Best Choice: Homemade ginger ale with fresh ginger and little to no sugar.

6. Can Help Relieve Migraines

Ginger has been shown to reduce migraine severity by:

  • Blocking prostaglandins (compounds that trigger pain)

  • Improving blood circulation

Research Insight: A 2021 study in Phytotherapy Research found ginger as effective as some migraine medications.

Choosing the Healthiest Ginger Ale

Not all ginger ales are created equal. Here’s how to pick the best one:

✅ Look for real ginger – Check the ingredient list for “ginger extract” or “ginger root.”
✅ Low or no sugar – Avoid high-fructose corn syrup; opt for stevia or honey-sweetened versions.
✅ Natural brands – Try Reed’s, Fever-Tree, or Bundaberg for better quality.
✅ Make your own – Boil fresh ginger, add carbonated water, and sweeten lightly.

Avoid: Artificial flavors, excessive sugar, and preservatives.

Creative Ways to Enjoy Ginger Ale

Beyond drinking it straight, ginger ale can be used in:

  • Mocktails & Cocktails – Try a Moscow Mule (with vodka) or a Shirley Temple (with grenadine).

  • Marinades & Sauces – Adds a zesty kick to glazes for chicken or salmon.

  • Smoothies – Blend with pineapple and mint for a digestive boost.

  • Ice Cream Floats – Swap soda for ginger ale in a vanilla float.

Potential Downsides of Ginger Ale

While ginger ale has benefits, there are some cautions:

⚠ High Sugar Content – Many commercial brands are loaded with sugar, contributing to weight gain and diabetes risk.
⚠ Artificial Ingredients – Some contain preservatives and fake flavors.
⚠ Heartburn Trigger – Carbonation may worsen acid reflux in some people.

Solution: Stick to natural, low-sugar versions or make your own.

Final Thoughts: Is Ginger Ale Good for You?

The answer depends on the type you choose. Real ginger ale made with fresh ginger and minimal sugar offers digestive relief, anti-inflammatory benefits, and immune support. On the other hand, mass-produced, sugary ginger ale is little more than a sweet soda.

Next time you reach for ginger ale:

  • Check the label for real ginger.

  • Opt for low-sugar or homemade versions.

  • Use it as a remedy, not just a treat.

By making smart choices, you can enjoy ginger ale’s refreshing taste while reaping its impressive health perks.

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KU Scholars in Urban Health: Solutions for City Wellness

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KU Scholars in Urban Health

What if the key to solving urban health crises lies within academic research?

Cities are growing at an unprecedented rate, bringing both opportunities and challenges—especially in public health. From air pollution to mental health strains, urban environments present unique health risks. Fortunately, scholars at the University of Kansas (KU) are at the forefront of tackling these issues with innovative research, community engagement, and policy advocacy.

In this article, we’ll explore how KU scholars are shaping urban health, highlight groundbreaking projects, and discuss actionable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and city planners.

Why Urban Health Matters More Than Ever

By 2050, nearly 70% of the global population will live in cities (UN, 2018). This rapid urbanization brings:

✔ Increased pollution – Poor air quality contributes to respiratory diseases.
✔ Health disparities – Marginalized communities face limited healthcare access.
✔ Mental health challenges – Urban stress and isolation impact well-being.
✔ Infectious disease risks – Dense populations accelerate outbreaks.

KU researchers recognize these challenges and are developing data-driven solutions to create healthier cities.

KU’s Leading Urban Health Research Initiatives

1. Tackling Air Pollution & Respiratory Health

Dr. Jeremy Porter (KU School of Public Health) leads a team studying how air pollution affects vulnerable populations. Their research reveals:

  • Low-income neighborhoods often have higher pollution levels due to industrial zoning.

  • Children in these areas show increased asthma rates.

Actionable Insight: KU scholars advocate for stricter emission policies and green urban planning—like more parks and pedestrian zones—to reduce pollution exposure.

2. Bridging Healthcare Gaps in Underserved Communities

Urban health disparities are stark. Dr. Rachel Green (KU Medical Center) examines healthcare accessibility in Kansas City’s urban core. Key findings:

  • Food deserts and transportation barriers prevent residents from accessing care.

  • Mobile clinics and telemedicine can improve early disease detection.

Real-World Example: KU partnered with local nonprofits to launch pop-up health screenings in underserved areas, increasing preventive care uptake by 32%.

3. Mental Health in the Concrete Jungle

Cities can be isolating. Dr. Mark Stevens (KU Psychology) studies urban stress and mental health, discovering:

  • Noise pollution and overcrowding heighten anxiety and depression.

  • Green spaces and community programs significantly boost mental wellness.

KU’s Solution: Advocating for urban design that prioritizes mental health, such as quiet zones and accessible parks.

How KU’s Research Translates into Real Change

KU scholars don’t just publish papers—they drive impact through:

✔ Policy Advocacy – Working with city officials to implement health-focused urban planning.
✔ Community Partnerships – Collaborating with local groups to test interventions.
✔ Technology & Innovation – Using AI and big data to predict health trends.

Case Study: Kansas City’s Walkability Project
KU researchers analyzed pedestrian safety data, leading to new crosswalks, better lighting, and bike lanes—reducing accidents by 18% in pilot areas.

What Other Cities Can Learn from KU’s Approach

KU’s urban health model offers lessons for policymakers worldwide:

  1. Prioritize Equity – Health solutions must address disparities.

  2. Use Data-Driven Strategies – Research should guide urban planning.

  3. Engage Communities – Residents know their needs best.

  4. Think Holistically – Health is tied to housing, transport, and environment.

The Future of Urban Health: What’s Next for KU?

KU scholars are expanding into:

🔬 Climate Resilience – Preparing cities for heatwaves and extreme weather.
📱 Digital Health Tools – Apps for real-time pollution monitoring.
🤝 Global Collaborations – Sharing insights with cities worldwide.

Final Thoughts: A Call to Action

KU Scholars in Urban Health isn’t just an academic issue—it’s a collective responsibility. KU’s research proves that data, community action, and smart policies can transform city living.

What can you do?
✔ Support local health initiatives.
✔ Advocate for greener, more inclusive urban planning.
✔ Stay informed—follow KU’s urban health publications.

By leveraging academic expertise, we can build cities where health thrives for all.

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